Formate ishobora kubonwa nk’umugongo w’ubutunzi bw’ibinyabuzima butagiramwo carbone, buva muri CO2 hakoreshejwe uburyo bwa (electro)chemical maze bugahindurwa ibintu vy’agaciro hakoreshejwe enzymatic cascades canke imigera y’ubuhinga. Intambwe ihambaye mu kwagura ugufatanya kwa formate y’ubuhinga ni ukugabanya kwayo kw’ubushuhe gukomeye kw’ibara ry’umuhondo. Ivyashikirijwe: Ikigo c’Ivy’Ibinyabuzima Bitobito vyo kw’Isi Max Planck/Geisel.
Abanyasiyansi bo mu kigo Max Planck Institute bararemye inzira y’ubuhinga bwo guhindura ibiribwa bihindura umwuka w’ikirere ukaba formaldehyde bifashijwe n’aside formique, ivyo bikaba bitanga uburyo bwo guhingura ibintu vy’agaciro bitagiramwo ivyuka vy’umuyagankuba.
Inzira nshasha z’umubiri zifasha mu gutuma umwuka w’ikirere ugumaho ntizifasha gusa kugabanya umuyagankuba mu kirere, ariko kandi zirashobora gusubirira ubuhinga bwa kera bwo gukora imiti n’ibirungo bikorana n’imiti y’ibinyabuzima idakoresha umwuka w’ikirere. Ubushakashatsi bushasha bwerekana uburyo aside formique ishobora gukoreshwa mu guhindura umwuka w’ikirere ukaba ikintu c’agaciro ku bijanye n’ubuhinga bwo gukora ibinyabuzima.
Kubera ko imyuka y’ibidukikije iriko iraduga, gufata umwuka w’ikirere canke gufata umwuka w’ikirere uva mu bidukikije vyinshi ni ikibazo gikomeye cane. Mu kamere, ugufatanya kw’umwuka w’ikirere kwamaze imyaka amamiliyoni, mugabo ububasha bwawo ntibuhagije cane kugira ngo bushobore gusubiza inyuma ivyo biva mu bidukikije biva ku bantu.
Abashakashatsi bayobowe na Tobias Erb wo mu kigo kijejwe ivy’ibinyabuzima bitobito vyo kw’isi. Max Planck akoresha ibikoresho vy’ibidukikije kugira ngo akore uburyo bushasha bwo gukosora umwuka w’ikirere. Ubu barashoboye guhingura inzira y’ubuhinga bwo guhindura ibiri mu mubiri ishobora gutuma habaho formaldehyde ishobora gukora cane iva muri aside formique, iyo na yo ikaba ari ikintu gishobora kuba kiri hagati y’ibintu bikoreshwa n’abantu. Formaldehyde irashobora kwinjira ataco ihinduye mu nzira nyinshi z’imibiri kugira ngo ikore ibindi bintu vy’agaciro ata ngaruka mbi. Nk’uko bigenda ku bijanye n’ibintu bisanzwe, hari ibintu bibiri nyamukuru bisabwa: inguvu n’umuyagankuba. Ica mbere ntigishobora gutangwa n’umuco w’izuba gusa, ariko kandi n’umuyagankuba – nk’akarorero, amamodule y’izuba.
Mu ruhererekane rw’agaciro, inkomoko za carbone zirahinduka. Aha si yo yonyene ishobora gukoreshwa, turiko turavuga ivy’ibinyabuzima vyose vy’umuntu ku giti ciwe (ibintu vyubaka C1): monoxide de carbone, aside formique, formaldehyde, methanol na méthane. Ariko rero, hafi ivyo bintu vyose biratera ubumara bwinshi cane, haba ku binyabuzima (monoxyde de carbone, formaldehyde, méthanol) no ku isi (methane nk’umuyaga w’inzu y’icatsi kibisi). Inyuma y’aho aside formique ihindukiye ikaba formate yayo y’ishimikiro, ni ho gusa imigera myinshi yihanganira iyo aside nyinshi.
Maren Nattermann, umwanditsi wa mbere w’ico cigwa, ashimika ku vy’uko ati: “Aside formique ni isoko ryiza cane ry’umuyagankuba. Ariko kuyihindura formaldehyde mu bikoresho vy’ubushakashatsi bisaba inguvu nyinshi cane.” Ivyo ni kubera ko umunyu w’ivyatsi bita formate, udahinduka vyoroshe ngo ube umunyu witwa formaldehyde. “Hariho inzitizi ikomeye y’imiti hagati y’izo molecule zibiri, kandi imbere y’uko dushobora gukora igikorwa nyaco, dutegerezwa kuyinesha dufashijwe n’inguvu z’imiti y’ibinyabuzima – ATP.”
Intumbero y’abo bashakashatsi yari iyo kurondera uburyo bwo gukoresha ubutunzi. Nakare, uko inguvu zikenewe kugira ngo umuntu agaburire carbone mu bihimba vy’umubiri zigabanuka, ni ko n’inguvu nyinshi zishobora gukoreshwa mu gutuma umuntu akura canke agira ivyo akora. Ariko nta nzira nk’iyo iriho mu kameremere. Tobias Erb avuga ati: “Kuvumbura ivyo bita enzymes hybrides bifise ibikorwa vyinshi vyasaba ko umuntu agira ubuhinga bumwebumwe bwo kurema. "Ariko rero, ukuvumbura enzymes zishobora gukoreshwa ni intango gusa. Turavuga ivyerekeye inyishu zishobora guharurwa hamwe kuko zigenda buhoro cane—mu bihe bimwebimwe, hariho inyishu zitari munsi ya imwe ku segonda ku enzyme. Inyishu zisanzwe zishobora gutera imbere ku rugero rwihuta incuro igihumbi." Maren Nattermann avuga ati: “Nimba uzi ingene enzyme iteye be n’ingene ikora, uramenya aho woyigiramwo uruhara, vyaramfashije cane.”
Gutuma enzyme zikora neza birimwo uburyo bwinshi: guhinduranya ivyuma vy’inyubako vyihariye, guhindura ihinduka ry’ibintu mu buryo butari bwo, no guhitamwo ubushobozi. Maren ati: "Formate na formaldehyde vyose birabereye cane kuko bishobora kwinjira mu bihome vy'ingingo. Turashobora kwongerako formate mu vyo gutera ingingo, ivyo bikaba bitanga enzyme ihindura formaldehyde ivuyemwo ikaba irangi ry'umuhondo ritagira ubumara inyuma y'amasaha makeyi." Natermann ni ko yabisiguye.
Ivyiza vyavuyemwo mu kiringo gitoyi nk’ico ntivyari gushoboka iyo hatakoreshwa uburyo bufise ubushobozi bwinshi. Kugira ngo ivyo bishoboke, abo bashakashatsi barafatanije n’umugenzi wiwe w’inganda yitwa Festo i Esslingen mu Budagi. Maren Nattermann avuga ati: “Inyuma y’uguhinduranya incuro nka 4.000, twarakubye incuro zine umwimbu wacu. "Gutyo, twaremye urufatiro rw'ukukura kw'umugera w'akarorero E. coli, ifarashi y'umugera w'ubuhinga bwa none, kuri aside formique. Ariko rero, muri iki gihe, ingingo zacu zishobora guhingura gusa formaldehyde kandi ntizishobora kurushiriza guhinduka."
Mu bufatanye n’umufasha wiwe Sebastian Wink wo mu kigo kijejwe ivy’imibiri y’ibimera. Abashakashatsi ba Max Planck ubu bariko barategura umugera ushobora gufata ibintu biri hagati y’ibihimba vy’umubiri maze ukabishira mu bihimba vy’umubiri bihindura ibiribwa hagati. Muri ico gihe nyene, uwo mugwi uriko urakora ubushakashatsi ku bijanye n’uguhindura umuyagankuba w’umuyagankuba ngo ube aside formique hamwe n’umugwi w’abakozi bo mu kigo kijejwe guhindura inguvu z’umuyagankuba. Max Planck yarongowe na Walter Leitner. Intumbero y’igihe kirekire ni “urubuga rumwe rwo gukoresha vyose” kuva ku mwuka w’ikirere uva ku buhinga bw’ubuhinga bw’amashanyarazi gushika ku bikoresho nk’insuline canke biodiesel.
Ivyo bimenyetso: “Ugutegura uruzitiro rushasha rwo guhindura ivyuma biva ku mafosifate bihinduka ivyuma biva ku bihimba vy’umubiri biva ku bihimba vy’umubiri bikorana n’ibindi bihimba vy’umubiri”, Lennart Nickel. , 9 Rusama 2023, Itangazamakuru ry’Ibidukikije.
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Abashakashatsi bo mu kigo citwa Cold Spring Harbor Laboratories basanze SRSF1, ari yo poroteyine itunganya ukuntu ARN ihuriza hamwe, itunganywa neza mu maraso.